Steam-generator.



PATENTED DEC. 6, 1904.

A. MONTUPET.

STEAM GENERATOR.

APPLIGATIOH rILnn APR. 2, 1900.

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N0 MODEL.

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PATENTED' DEC. 6, 1904.

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PATENTED DEC. 6, 1904.

A. MONTUPET.

STEAM GENERATOR. APPLICATION mum APR. a, 1000.

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TlG 5- z I r Patented December 6, I904.

ANTONIN MONTUPET, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 77 6,530, datedDecember 6, 1904.

Application filed April 2, 1900. Serial No, 11,224. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ANTONIN MONTUPET, a citizen of the Republic ofFrance, residing at Paris, in the Republic of France, have in ventedcertain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Steam-Generators,(for which application has been made in France, under No. 292,362, datedSeptember 7, 1899; in Great Britain,under No. 4, 600, dated March10,1900; in Italy, under N0. 183, dated March 11, 1900, and in Belgium,dated March 8, 1900,) of which the following is a specification.

Since multitubular boilers have been introduced into the navies, theimportance of the water circulation has been recognized in its bearingupon the question of vaporization-or steam production, and inventors andengineers have exerted themselves to the utmost to find the mosteffective means of'obtaining a perfect system of water circulation.

There are types of marine boilers in which a very considerable degree ofevaporization is obtained; but the boilers employed for inclustrialpurposes may be said to have been quite overlooked and neglected in thisrespect.

' The object of the present invention is to provide steam-generators ofthe latter class with a water circulating system equal to that of thenavy boiler by means of a judicious arrangement of tubular vaporizingelements; and such system consists, broadly, in producing a current ofwater in the generator which carries off the steam-bubbles as quicklyas'tliey are formed.

When a bubble of steam is formed on the wall of a boiler in which thereis no water circulation, the bubble will isolate the metal from contactwith the Water and will only separate from the metal and rise when itselastic'force is suflicient to drive it through the mass of water aboveit. It therefore remains in contact with the metal and is heated duringthe whole time necessary for increasing its volume and its elasticforce, and since steam is a bad conductor of heat it opposes thetransmission of heat from the furnace or from the metal to the water.When detached, this bubble, superheated and expanded and having noadhesion to the water, will unite with other bubbles and form a greateror lesser volume of steam, which in passing through the water producesonly a lateral displacement of the water and no appreciable forwardmovement. The vaporization is therefore eii'ected by a process ofreplacement. In boilers, however, characterized by a quick circulationof water the steam-bubbles are carried away in their vesicular state themoment they are formed and are replaced in a continuous manner byothers, which follow in the same current of water along the metal aslong as the latter is sufliciently heated. The water, which is a goodconductor of heat, thus comes in contact with the heated wallawhile atthe same time carrying on the steam-bubbles as they are formed, therebyproducing a much more steady and rapid transmission of heat from thefurnace to the water intended to be converted into steam without anyrisk of overheating either the metal or the steam, since the productionof the steam-bubbles proceeds more or less rapidly in proportion as theheat is raised or lowered-in the furnace. The steam-bubbles producedunder such conditions are intimately mixed with the water as they areformed. Thus a fluid is created the density of which is sensibly lowerthan that of the mass of the water in the boiler, a fluid Which movesmore rapidly as its density decreases /I. (2., when steam-bubbles areheld in suspension or when the vaporization is greater. It willtherefore sufiice to give to these fluids of lower density suitabledirections to obtain an efficient circulation within the boiler. Thisprinciple is applied to various types of boilers by establishing in theinterior of the boiler steam-generating columnsv. 0., columns of lowerdensity-and thereby most satisfactory results have been obtained.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinalsectional view of a steam-boilerhaving my invention applied thereto. Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional viewtaken through-the rear tubes 6. Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1,showing another type of boiler having my invention applied. Fig. 2* is avertical sectional view taken through the rear tubes I). Fig. 8 is aview similar to Fig. 1 of a further type of boiler having my inventionapplied thereto. Fig.

4 is a like view of a further type of boiler with my invention applied.Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view taken through the rear tubes 6. Fig.5 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing a further type of boiler with myinvention applied. Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken through thetubes 7).

If we examine a boiler of the type represented in Fig. 1, in which theupper body of the boiler or reservoir is united to the steamgeneratingpart by tubes (0 7) at the front and back, the steam will be producedand pass together with the water through the rear tubes 5 if its passagethrough the front tubes is prevented or impeded by a partition 0 (Z. Byprolonging the tubes 6 by means of tubes or extensions extending upwardtoward the water-level, for instance, columns of lesser density will beformed, which will establish a rapid circulation of water between thecommunications a and b. By guiding the water toward the front of theboiler and by forcing it to descend as low as possible the waterdescending through the tubes a is caused to pass through practically thewhole length of the boiler, while the height of the fluid columns oflower density is increased, which begin at the lower part where thesteam-bubbles are produced on the walls of the generator and which areprolonged into the upper reservoir, and at the same time the speed ofcirculation is also increased; but the circulation produced in thesteam-generator and upper body of the boiler not only causes anincreased amount of vaporization, but also keeps in suspension and inmotion the particles of mud or deposit precipitated from the evaporatingwater and prevents it from settling down in the form of a hardcalcareous crust on the parts of the boiler exposed to the action of thefire. Such deposits can only be formed in those parts of the boilerwhere the water is not agitated, and consequently never above the partsexposed to the direct action of the fire or those strongly heated. Insuch system of water circulation the precipitate will collect in theupper part of the boiler only, and to prevent any of it from descendingagain through the front communications or tubes the latter are made toslightly project into the upper body of the boiler, as shown in Fig. 1.During the stoppages of the boiler the precipitate will of course alsocollect in the steam-generating or lower parts in proportion as thecirculation of the water ceases; but it will not adhere to the walls,and on resuming the heating it will be again carried off by the risingcirculating water and will be deposited only in places where the effectsof the current do not reach. The tubes 0 may be prolonged more or less,and the conduits a may be of any shape or form. They maybe cylindricalor of other cross-section and may conduct the Water to any suitable partof the steam-generators.

The improved arrangement may be applied l applications.

to any kind of boiler consisting of two parts arranged one above theother, as represented in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 1, and others of a similartype, and the same principle of circulation may be obtained by arrangingthe tubes or conduits for the water and steam currents connecting thetwo parts and which in the examples represented are between these partsat the side of them or outside the masonry supporting the boilers.

In the boiler represented in Fig. l the water circulates from the frontto the back of the steam-generators; but the direction can easily bereversed by reversing the order of the conduit arrangement.

Fig. 2 illustrates the application of the invention to a semitubularboiler in which the two rear communications through which thesteam-laden water passes upward are united in one conduit passing upwardbetween the heating-tubes.

Fig. 3 shows a boiler with the furnace within the steam-generator, overwhich is arranged the upper part or water and steam reservoir, and inwhich the water is caused to descend to the bottom of thesteam-generator behind a metal sheet partition 0 (Z, leaving a free partf at the bottom.

Fig. a represents the application of this principle to a boiler with twosteam-generators with a furnace in each, over which is arranged thewater and steam reservoir, provided with smoke-tubes, in which boilerthe partition for causing the water to descend is arranged at the backat 0 (Z, the water passing through the lower opening f.

The examples described above show how the invention can be applied inthe construction of various boiler types consisting of two parts; but itcan also be applied to similar steam-generators already constructed orin use, an example of which is illustrated in Fig. 5. In this case theseries of tubes in the upper part does not allow of the tube (3, throughwhich the steam-laden water rises, being carried as high as in theformer cases, owing to which the speed of the circulation is less inproportion; but even under such circumstances the results are verysatisfactory.

The position of the metal tube 0 (Z is limited, first, at its lower endat a point corresponding to the level of the charge of fuel in thefurnace, so that the steam formed in the lower portion of the furnace iscarried off by the ascending water column, but it also may descend tothe level of the grate; second, at the upper end it must reach to thelowest level of the water possible in the boiler, so as to suflicientlycover the parts over the furnace in order that the steam carried up bythe ascending column and formed above the furnace may not become mixedwith the feedwater which descends on the outside. The tube may alsoreach higher, according to the special This tube should have no break inits continuity and should be nearly at the same distance from thefurnace on all sides, so as to insure as far as possible the same degreeof density in the ascending column and the same speed along the wholecircumference.

This system may be applied to all boilers with one or more insidefurnaces provided with tubes placed in continuation of the furnace orabove it or with Galloway or other tubes, as well as to steam-generatorswith inside furnaces only.

The circulation created in steam-generators by the use of columns offluid of lower density insures the following advantages: first, theprevention of calcareous matter becoming hard and adhering to theboilers or the localization of such deposits in those parts of theboiler in which Water is not greatly heated and agitated; second, wateris not carried off with the steam; third, a more rapid, and consequentlymore economical, vaporization; fourth, the possibility of increasing togreat extent the production of steam in a boiler without risk ofoverheating it or strain 011 the heated parts; fifth, finally, theindication of risks of accidents in case the water runs short. Theseresults are attained by the circulation of water according to thissystem in any boiler,

. and it is easy to explain the first four, while the last becomesevident on considering that the circulation stops almost instantly assoon as the orifice through which the steam-laden water issues isuncovered. The vaporization in the boiler becomes less at the same time,

and the parts worked by the steam coming from the boiler show at thesame time a decrease of speed or in yield, thereby forcibly indicatingthe abnormal condition of the boiler. -Under such conditionsvaporization continues by replacement, as in the ease of or dinaryboilers, and without any risk or danger.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

The combination with a steam-generator, comprising an upper and a lowersection, upright tubes providing communication between the saidsections, said tubes being arranged at opposite ends of the generator,one of said tubes being extended upwardly in the upper section above thebottom thereof, of a plate arranged within the lower section, the upperend of the plate joining the upper Wall of the lower section at a pointintermediate the upright tubes and thelower end of the plate lying abovethe bottom of the lower section of the generator, the said plate beingso arranged that practically all the steam generated in the lowersection is forced to pass up through one of the tubes thereby causingwater to pass down the other, all arranged for cooperation as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

ANTONIN MONTUPET.

Witnesses:

LOUIS SULLIGER, EDWARD P. MAeLEAN.

